1. Submission
The author submits through the online system with all required files and statements.
Policy status: draft, not yet approved. The stages below describe a proposed process. Review model and timelines are left open on purpose.
All research articles are assessed by independent experts before a decision is made.
The author submits through the online system with all required files and statements.
The editorial office checks completeness; a section editor checks scope, originality and basic quality.
The editor invites qualified reviewers who declare any conflicts of interest.
Reviewers assess the work and recommend a decision with written comments.
The editor weighs the reviews and communicates the decision to the author.
Authors respond point by point. Revised papers may return to reviewers.
Accepted work is copyedited, assigned identifiers and published.
Proposed decision categories.
The manuscript is suitable for publication, subject to production checks.
Small changes are needed. The editor checks the revision.
Substantial changes are needed. The revised paper is normally re-reviewed.
The manuscript does not meet the journal’s standards or scope. A paper may also be declined at screening, before external review.
Judge manuscripts on merit and scope, without regard to the authors’ identity, nationality, institution or beliefs. Manage conflicts of interest and keep submissions confidential.
Give constructive, evidence-based and courteous feedback, declare conflicts, keep manuscripts confidential and not reuse unpublished material.
Respond fully and honestly to reviews, correct errors, and follow the journal’s publication ethics policies.
Authors who believe a decision was reached unfairly can ask the Editor-in-Chief to reconsider. The appeals procedure is to be approved.